When the plane started shaking violently on a Delta flight from Salt Lake City to Amsterdam last month, some passengers thought it was going to crash.
The jet had hit severe turbulence, flinging people into the ceiling, and service carts across the cabin. One passenger said it felt like an earthquake. The plane was forced to make an emergency landing in Minneapolis, where 25 people were taken to the hospital.
It was just the latest in a series of recent turbulence incidents resulting in injuries, hospitalizations and even a death. A 73-year-old man died of a heart attack during severe turbulence on a flight from London to Singapore last year.
Turbulence, caused by disturbances in the atmosphere, is one of the most unpredictable weather phenomena for pilots. Air flows like water gushing down a river: undisturbed it runs smoothly, but if it encounters an obstacle, like a boulder, it becomes turbulent. Mountains and storms act like boulders in a river, altering the way air moves.
Moderate to extreme turbulence happens tens of thousands of times a year across the world. For most passengers it will be felt as a few bumps, but in severe cases it can cause structural damage to the plane, temporary loss of control and injuries. Turbulence caused more than 200 serious injuries in the US alone between 2009 and 2024, according to data from the US National Transportation Safety Board.
The good news is fatalities are very rare, and wearing a seatbelt almost always prevents serious injury. The bad news: Turbulence appears to be increasing, especially on some of the most heavily trafficked routes, and it's set to get worse as the planet heats up.
So where can passengers expect the bumpiest trips? Swipe to learn more, and read the full story at the link in @cnn's bio.
📸: Illustration by Leah Abucayan/CNN | Obtained by KSTU | Graphics: Renée Rigdon, CNN | Jeff Greenberg/Universal Images Group Editorial/Getty
Climate damage and material waste are reshaping sustainable construction more forcefully than certification culture. The loss of 38 homes to wildfire in the Midlands has exposed the need for sustainable building design that treats fire resilience, flood resistance and passive survivability as core requirements. Shropshire fire crews’ warnings over escalating wildfire and flooding extremes underline a decisive shift for green construction: buildings must be designed for volatility, not historic weather patterns.
Large-scale migration would intensify pressure on housing delivery, infrastructure finance, sustainable urban development and supply chains for low carbon construction materials. Adaptation is now a construction pipeline issue, requiring life cycle thinking in construction, robust building lifecycle performance and a clearer link between resilience, life cycle cost and whole life carbon.
Materials innovation is moving towards the circular economy in construction. Plans for a wind turbine recycling facility at the Port of Inverness show renewable infrastructure confronting end-of-life reuse in construction. The sector’s claims on circular economy performance will increasingly depend on measurable circular construction strategies, resource efficiency in construction and sustainable material specification, not marketing language. Embodied carbon, embodied carbon in materials and the carbon footprint of construction must be assessed alongside operational energy if net zero carbon buildings and net zero whole life carbon targets are to be credible.
Research converting waste plastics, packaging and old CDs into polymer networks that harvest moisture from air points to future green building products and construction-adjacent materials for water-stressed regions. The science remains early stage, yet it supports the wider move towards low embodied carbon materials, renewable building materials where appropriate, and practical eco-design for buildings.
Laboratory findings showing duct tape outperforming sandbags as a flood defence reinforce a key lesson for sustainable architecture: resilience can come from inexpensive, rapidly deployable measures as well as major green infrastructure. The direction is clear. Sustainable construction is expanding beyond carbon accounting into whole life carbon assessment, lifecycle assessment, low carbon design, circular economy principles and climate practicality. The strongest projects will combine energy-efficient buildings, lower embodied carbon, carbon footprint reduction and durable adaptation to a harsher world.
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