When the plane started shaking violently on a Delta flight from Salt Lake City to Amsterdam last month, some passengers thought it was going to crash.
The jet had hit severe turbulence, flinging people into the ceiling, and service carts across the cabin. One passenger said it felt like an earthquake. The plane was forced to make an emergency landing in Minneapolis, where 25 people were taken to the hospital.
It was just the latest in a series of recent turbulence incidents resulting in injuries, hospitalizations and even a death. A 73-year-old man died of a heart attack during severe turbulence on a flight from London to Singapore last year.
Turbulence, caused by disturbances in the atmosphere, is one of the most unpredictable weather phenomena for pilots. Air flows like water gushing down a river: undisturbed it runs smoothly, but if it encounters an obstacle, like a boulder, it becomes turbulent. Mountains and storms act like boulders in a river, altering the way air moves.
Moderate to extreme turbulence happens tens of thousands of times a year across the world. For most passengers it will be felt as a few bumps, but in severe cases it can cause structural damage to the plane, temporary loss of control and injuries. Turbulence caused more than 200 serious injuries in the US alone between 2009 and 2024, according to data from the US National Transportation Safety Board.
The good news is fatalities are very rare, and wearing a seatbelt almost always prevents serious injury. The bad news: Turbulence appears to be increasing, especially on some of the most heavily trafficked routes, and it's set to get worse as the planet heats up.
So where can passengers expect the bumpiest trips? Swipe to learn more, and read the full story at the link in @cnn's bio.
📸: Illustration by Leah Abucayan/CNN | Obtained by KSTU | Graphics: Renée Rigdon, CNN | Jeff Greenberg/Universal Images Group Editorial/Getty
The global shift towards sustainable construction is advancing from research to measurable implementation through innovations that reshape the built environment. Johnson Matthey’s collaboration in China on biomethanol technology represents a breakthrough for the circular economy in construction, aligning industrial chemistry with the drive to decarbonise the sector and reduce the carbon footprint of construction.
Projects such as the refurbishment of Bell’s Yard in London demonstrate how sustainable building design merges adaptive reuse and low embodied carbon materials to extend building lifecycle performance. The project exemplifies whole life carbon assessment and lifecycle assessment principles, showing that environmental sustainability in construction now informs both design and policy.
Compact housing developments like Ash Mews in Stratford reveal how low carbon design and sustainable building practices can turn limited space into energy-efficient buildings shaped by principles of net zero carbon buildings and circular construction strategies. Each project tests life cycle thinking in construction, highlighting how a detailed understanding of embodied carbon in materials and resource efficiency in construction directly reduces life cycle cost.
Artificial intelligence is increasingly integrated into sustainable design workflows, streamlining lifecycle modelling and improving the accuracy of whole life carbon calculations. Combined with new transparency requirements and environmental product declarations (EPDs), these digital tools promote accountability in sustainable material specification and environmental impact of construction.
The sector’s evolution embodies a commitment to net zero whole life carbon performance. As BREEAM and the forthcoming BREEAM v7 framework drive measurable benchmarks for eco-design for buildings, sustainable architecture is moving toward low carbon building certification rooted in verifiable environmental metrics. The integration of green building products, renewable building materials and end-of-life reuse in construction strengthens circular economy principles, turning sustainable construction into a credible engine of sustainable urban development.
Green construction has progressed from aspirational rhetoric to evidence-based transformation. Through carbon neutral construction strategies focused on low-impact construction, decarbonising the built environment is no longer theoretical; it defines the new baseline for a resilient, responsible and regenerative construction industry.
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