When the plane started shaking violently on a Delta flight from Salt Lake City to Amsterdam last month, some passengers thought it was going to crash.
The jet had hit severe turbulence, flinging people into the ceiling, and service carts across the cabin. One passenger said it felt like an earthquake. The plane was forced to make an emergency landing in Minneapolis, where 25 people were taken to the hospital.
It was just the latest in a series of recent turbulence incidents resulting in injuries, hospitalizations and even a death. A 73-year-old man died of a heart attack during severe turbulence on a flight from London to Singapore last year.
Turbulence, caused by disturbances in the atmosphere, is one of the most unpredictable weather phenomena for pilots. Air flows like water gushing down a river: undisturbed it runs smoothly, but if it encounters an obstacle, like a boulder, it becomes turbulent. Mountains and storms act like boulders in a river, altering the way air moves.
Moderate to extreme turbulence happens tens of thousands of times a year across the world. For most passengers it will be felt as a few bumps, but in severe cases it can cause structural damage to the plane, temporary loss of control and injuries. Turbulence caused more than 200 serious injuries in the US alone between 2009 and 2024, according to data from the US National Transportation Safety Board.
The good news is fatalities are very rare, and wearing a seatbelt almost always prevents serious injury. The bad news: Turbulence appears to be increasing, especially on some of the most heavily trafficked routes, and it's set to get worse as the planet heats up.
So where can passengers expect the bumpiest trips? Swipe to learn more, and read the full story at the link in @cnn's bio.
📸: Illustration by Leah Abucayan/CNN | Obtained by KSTU | Graphics: Renée Rigdon, CNN | Jeff Greenberg/Universal Images Group Editorial/Getty
Policy across global construction is diverging. In the EU, revised Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive rules ease near-term disclosure, while UK regulators tighten expectations for biodiversity and habitat protection to meet 2030 nature targets. Market response suggests superficial reporting no longer satisfies investors prioritising measurable outcomes in sustainable construction and environmental sustainability in construction. ESG performance is influencing asset valuation and risk rating alongside whole life carbon assessment benchmarks.
Physical climate risk is altering design parameters faster than sustainability standards evolve. Rising sea levels and climate volatility are reshaping sustainable building design principles, forcing developers to integrate low carbon design, resilient infrastructure, and lifecycle assessment from the outset. Coastal defences, surface water strategies, overheating mitigation, and retrofit solutions now define the building lifecycle performance of energy-efficient buildings. Projects resistant to adaptation risk significant write‑downs, underlining the importance of whole life carbon and life cycle cost analysis in every investment case.
Decarbonisation practice is accelerating. Transport for London’s full transition to solar-sourced electricity demonstrates how large public entities can act as anchors for renewable building materials manufacturing and clean energy procurement through power purchase agreements. The move supports net zero carbon buildings, net zero whole life carbon operations, and lower embodied carbon in materials used for eco-friendly construction. Cornwall’s approval for geothermal lithium extraction points to early domestic circular economy in construction, underpinning future battery supply chains essential for electrified plant and fleet decarbonisation.
For the sector, credibility rests on verified performance, not compliance claims. Developers and contractors are embedding sustainable building practices, circular construction strategies, and resource efficiency in construction into every tender. The shift combines eco-design for buildings with sustainable material specification, supporting a circular economy model and aligning with BREEAM and forthcoming BREEAM v7 frameworks. Carbon footprint reduction, low embodied carbon materials, and long-term end-of-life reuse in construction strengthen financial resilience and investor confidence in low carbon building portfolios.
Capital markets are rewarding delivery tied to measurable environmental impact of construction and decarbonising the built environment outcomes, reinforcing a clear direction toward carbon neutral construction and sustainable urban development grounded in life cycle thinking in construction.
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