When scientists heard reports that a large, mysterious fish had been caught in Cambodia in 2020, excitement stirred. Could this be the "Mekong Ghost," they asked – an elusive fish that hadn't been seen since 2005 and was feared extinct?
Photos of the fish and its telltale identifiers – an odd-shaped mouth and a protruding knob at its jaw – seemed to confirm it.
But the fish, which can grow as large as 66 pounds, was sold before scientists could get a closer look. It didn't "feel like definitive proof," said Zeb Hogan, a research biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, and head of the US government-funded Wonders of the Mekong project, an initiative to study and conserve one of the most biodiverse rivers in the world.
Three years later, they struck gold. The researchers published their findings on Tuesday in a study in the Biological Conservation journal.
The team works to protect the Mekong, one of the world's longest rivers and a lifeline to tens of millions of people. It winds through multiple Southeast Asian countries and is extremely rich in biodiversity, but also faces various challenges including hydropower development, overfishing and habitat degradation.
These challenges are why scientists have long worried that the critically endangered giant salmon carp, which can measure up to four feet long, could have been quietly wiped out as years passed without a sighting.
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📸: Chhut Chheana/Wonders of the Mekong
The recently completed Nord Pavilion in London highlights the rise of low-impact home extensions that balance architectural quality with environmental performance. By integrating natural light and energy-efficient design features, this project demonstrates how Whole Life Carbon and Embodied Carbon can be reduced through sustainable building design at a domestic scale. It stands as a clear example of eco-design for buildings that respond to both aesthetic and performance demands while contributing to environmental sustainability in construction.
Large-scale energy generation also influences the construction sector. The US programme to deploy next-generation nuclear reactors is reshaping not only energy supply but also methods of modular construction, permitting, and rapid project delivery. These approaches point to a growing recognition of Life Cycle Cost, lifecycle assessment, and Whole Life Carbon Assessment in infrastructure delivery. The adoption of low carbon construction materials and net zero whole life carbon strategies within such projects will be critical to reducing the carbon footprint of construction.
BKV Corporation’s 2024 Sustainability Report underscores the push toward a Circular Economy in construction through its closed-loop model. This forward-looking approach stresses Embodied Carbon in materials and the importance of circular construction strategies. The report aligns with industry adoption of life cycle thinking in construction, emphasising end-of-life reuse in construction and resource efficiency in construction, both essential for achieving net zero carbon buildings and building lifecycle performance.
Shifts in decentralised and flexible energy generation also carry direct implications for sustainable construction. New optimisation and smart grid strategies increasingly affect how energy-efficient buildings and low carbon buildings are designed, powered, and integrated into green infrastructure. Such systems enable the use of renewable building materials and eco-friendly construction practices, reinforcing the alignment between sustainable urban development and carbon neutral construction.
Momentum around international environmental treaties illustrates the broader movement toward regulating the environmental impact of construction and major infrastructure. These frameworks support sustainable building practices and sustainable material specification while compelling the industry to expand the use of environmental product declarations (EPDs) and green building products. Standards such as BREEAM and BREEAM v7 will remain central in benchmarking sustainable design against global goals for carbon footprint reduction.
The construction sector is transitioning toward sustainable architecture that combines low carbon design, green construction methods, and net zero carbon delivery. By prioritising sustainable building design, eco-friendly construction materials, and lifecycle assessment tools, the industry advances environmental sustainability in construction. The path forward depends on embedding Circular Economy principles across every stage of Whole Life Carbon performance, laying the foundation for genuinely sustainable construction practices worldwide.
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