There were 90 declarations of "major disasters" in 2024. It was one of the worst years for disasters declarations in the last three decades (1995-2024), according to a new analysis from the International Institute for Environment and Development, or IIED, shared exclusively with CNN. Ninety major disaster declarations in a year is nearly double the annual average of 55 declarations, according to the London-based think tank.
It translates to a major disaster declaration every four days.
Researchers also found that 41% of the US population lived in a county where a major disaster or emergency was declared — about 137 million people.
"Our analysis of FEMA data shows the agency has been responding to a growing number of climate-driven disasters over the past few decades. This is in line with what scientists warned us would happen," said Sejal Patel, senior climate finance researcher at IIED, in a statement to CNN.
It comes as the Trump administration plans for deep staff cuts at FEMA.
"As global temperatures continue to rise, all levels of government will have no choice but to help people adapt to the realities of climate change," Patel said, adding political leaders should be focusing on how to adapt and build resilience against climate change threats, including solutions like stronger building codes, early warning systems, reenvisioning the homeowners insurance industry and infrastructure like flood barriers.
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Policy across global construction is diverging. In the EU, revised Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive rules ease near-term disclosure, while UK regulators tighten expectations for biodiversity and habitat protection to meet 2030 nature targets. Market response suggests superficial reporting no longer satisfies investors prioritising measurable outcomes in sustainable construction and environmental sustainability in construction. ESG performance is influencing asset valuation and risk rating alongside whole life carbon assessment benchmarks.
Physical climate risk is altering design parameters faster than sustainability standards evolve. Rising sea levels and climate volatility are reshaping sustainable building design principles, forcing developers to integrate low carbon design, resilient infrastructure, and lifecycle assessment from the outset. Coastal defences, surface water strategies, overheating mitigation, and retrofit solutions now define the building lifecycle performance of energy-efficient buildings. Projects resistant to adaptation risk significant write‑downs, underlining the importance of whole life carbon and life cycle cost analysis in every investment case.
Decarbonisation practice is accelerating. Transport for London’s full transition to solar-sourced electricity demonstrates how large public entities can act as anchors for renewable building materials manufacturing and clean energy procurement through power purchase agreements. The move supports net zero carbon buildings, net zero whole life carbon operations, and lower embodied carbon in materials used for eco-friendly construction. Cornwall’s approval for geothermal lithium extraction points to early domestic circular economy in construction, underpinning future battery supply chains essential for electrified plant and fleet decarbonisation.
For the sector, credibility rests on verified performance, not compliance claims. Developers and contractors are embedding sustainable building practices, circular construction strategies, and resource efficiency in construction into every tender. The shift combines eco-design for buildings with sustainable material specification, supporting a circular economy model and aligning with BREEAM and forthcoming BREEAM v7 frameworks. Carbon footprint reduction, low embodied carbon materials, and long-term end-of-life reuse in construction strengthen financial resilience and investor confidence in low carbon building portfolios.
Capital markets are rewarding delivery tied to measurable environmental impact of construction and decarbonising the built environment outcomes, reinforcing a clear direction toward carbon neutral construction and sustainable urban development grounded in life cycle thinking in construction.
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