There were 90 declarations of "major disasters" in 2024. It was one of the worst years for disasters declarations in the last three decades (1995-2024), according to a new analysis from the International Institute for Environment and Development, or IIED, shared exclusively with CNN. Ninety major disaster declarations in a year is nearly double the annual average of 55 declarations, according to the London-based think tank.
It translates to a major disaster declaration every four days.
Researchers also found that 41% of the US population lived in a county where a major disaster or emergency was declared — about 137 million people.
"Our analysis of FEMA data shows the agency has been responding to a growing number of climate-driven disasters over the past few decades. This is in line with what scientists warned us would happen," said Sejal Patel, senior climate finance researcher at IIED, in a statement to CNN.
It comes as the Trump administration plans for deep staff cuts at FEMA.
"As global temperatures continue to rise, all levels of government will have no choice but to help people adapt to the realities of climate change," Patel said, adding political leaders should be focusing on how to adapt and build resilience against climate change threats, including solutions like stronger building codes, early warning systems, reenvisioning the homeowners insurance industry and infrastructure like flood barriers.
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Sustainable construction is moving from exemplar projects to market-wide system design, with clean steel emerging as a critical test for whole life carbon policy. A new study suggests the global shift to low-carbon steel could be achieved without raising consumer costs through a revenue-neutral policy model, strengthening the case for low embodied carbon materials in mainstream procurement.
For contractors, developers and public clients, the issue is no longer whether green building materials can perform, but how governments can de-risk low carbon construction materials, reduce the carbon footprint of construction and support net zero whole life carbon targets without shielding high-emission incumbents.
The UK retrofit agenda is becoming central to environmental sustainability in construction. The National Retrofit Hub’s call for a stronger framework comes as electricity and gas prices begin to decouple, improving the life cycle cost case for heat pumps, energy-efficient buildings and electrified homes.
Retrofit policy now needs consistent standards, skilled delivery capacity and consumer protection, backed by whole life carbon assessment, lifecycle assessment and better evidence on building lifecycle performance. Public support for requiring data centres to share waste heat with nearby homes signals a shift in sustainable urban development, treating rejected heat as green infrastructure rather than waste.
Climate adaptation is also reshaping sustainable building practices. GRAHAM’s appointment to deliver the Oxford Flood Alleviation Scheme highlights rising investment in resilience, while reports of roads melting in eastern England expose the environmental impact of construction decisions based on historic weather assumptions.
The built environment is being asked to cut embodied carbon in materials while improving durability against heat, flooding and infrastructure stress. The strongest response will combine sustainable building design, low carbon design, circular economy in construction, sustainable material specification, environmental product declarations (EPDs) and end-of-life reuse in construction. BREEAM, BREEAM v7 and other performance frameworks are likely to play a growing role as clients demand net zero carbon buildings, resource efficiency in construction and credible carbon footprint reduction across the full asset lifecycle.
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