The Indian Point nuclear power plant was an energy juggernaut for 50 years, generating a quarter of the electricity that powered New York City's iconic, glowing skyline.
It is well into its decommissioning process after shutting down in 2021: The remaining waste of the radioactive fuel that once generated all of that power has been sealed inside more than 120 hulking metal and concrete canisters.
This is one of several misconceptions about nuclear energy: America's nuclear waste is not buried in a mountain or tucked at the bottom of a deep, rocky cavern. It is sealed away in coffin-like casks and spread out among more than 50 locations around the country.
Most other countries with longstanding nuclear energy programs have plans to create a permanent home for these spent fuel canisters. The US does not.
That is almost entirely because Americans are by and large opposed to living anywhere near nuclear waste, and suspicious of governments' or utilities' attempts to assuage nuclear fears. But the perception of danger is a hurdle quickly becoming one of the country's biggest obstacles to uploading a glut of climate-friendly energy onto the grid.
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📸 : Mike Stewart/AP
Policy shifts and technology advances are reshaping sustainable construction strategy. Canada’s extension of subsidies for carbon capture, utilisation and storage shifts momentum towards low carbon design solutions across heavy industry. The impact extends to cement and concrete, where embodied carbon reduction and whole life carbon assessment frameworks depend on scalable capture economics. CCUS deployment offers potential for net zero whole life carbon benchmarks, yet uncertainty around regulation heightens transition risk for hard‑to‑abate sectors. Designers and contractors pursuing sustainable building design must integrate lifecycle assessment and life cycle cost modelling to manage exposure while maintaining compliance with environmental sustainability in construction goals.
At the University of Birmingham, a new circular economy initiative applies hydrogen separation to recover rare earth magnets used in HVAC drives, lifts and renewable energy systems. This circular economy in construction model improves resource efficiency in construction supply chains and supports low carbon construction materials. Localised recovery of high‑value components lowers the carbon footprint of construction and strengthens supply resilience, offering measurable reductions in embodied carbon in materials. Such circular construction strategies demonstrate that end‑of‑life reuse in construction can align economic and environmental objectives.
Research indicating worsening urban air quality across North America underlines the necessity of designing energy‑efficient buildings with filtered ventilation and airtight façades. Sustainable building practices now encompass occupant health and resilience as core indicators of building lifecycle performance. Specifying eco‑friendly construction materials, green building products and renewable building materials contributes to the carbon footprint reduction required for net zero carbon buildings certified under standards such as BREEAM and BREEAM V7. These frameworks promote sustainable material specification, eco‑design for buildings and life cycle thinking in construction that enhance both environmental sustainability and operational efficiency.
Across the global built environment, sustainable construction is shifting from aspirational to measurable. Low embodied carbon materials, carbon neutral construction methods and green construction technologies are becoming central to sustainable urban development. Firms aligning design intent with credible lifecycle data and robust whole life carbon assessments gain competitive advantage as clients demand verifiable environmental product declarations (EPDs). The emerging direction confirms that decarbonising the built environment requires systemic commitment to net zero carbon performance, data transparency and integrated eco‑design that transforms policy signals into deliverable outcomes.
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