On the sandy shores of Lake Michigan, set against a backdrop of thick forest, a sharp-angled grey concrete building could be the face of an American nuclear renaissance.
The Palisades nuclear plant, about a two-hour drive from Chicago, was decommissioned in 2022, judged to be uneconomical in a world of cheap American gas. But Florida-headquartered company Holtec is reviving it. It will mark not only the first ever restart of a shuttered US nuclear plant, but, if all goes to plan, Palisades will also be the birthplace of a nuclear breakthrough: America's first commercial "small modular reactors."
These advanced nuclear reactors, known as SMRs, are like mini nuclear power plants but touted as cheaper, safer, faster to build and easier to finance than their conventional counterparts — and hype around them is rising fast.
The reality, as ever, is likely to be messier and experts are sounding notes of caution.
The total cost of SMRs may be lower than conventional plants, but they are still very expensive, meaning the price of electricity they produce will be far higher than wind, solar or gas, experts warn.
They also take a long time to get up and running. There are only three operational SMRs in the entire world, and none are in the US. One is on a Russian barge off the Siberian coast and the other two in China.
Whether the SMR hype is warranted will only start to become clear once they are built — and the race is on to do so.
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📸 : Jim West/UCG/Universal Images Group/Getty Images
The UK construction sector is undergoing a structural transformation as sustainability becomes integral to policy and practice. Government planning reforms embedding environmental sustainability in construction within the promise of 1.5 million new homes indicate that sustainable building design and eco‑design for buildings are no longer peripheral ambitions. By linking planning approval to detailed whole life carbon assessments and life cycle cost reviews, developers must now demonstrate measurable progress toward net zero whole life carbon housing delivery.
The shift toward circular economy in construction principles is tangible through mandatory Circular Economy Statements, which require proof of resource efficiency in construction and end‑of‑life reuse in construction. This marks a decisive move from voluntary reporting to quantifiable performance, reinforcing circular construction strategies that favour low carbon construction materials, renewable building materials and verified environmental product declarations (EPDs). Such accountability is reshaping how embodied carbon in materials and the total carbon footprint of construction are assessed across the supply chain.
Technical progress is matched by regulatory tightening. Enhanced enforcement by environmental authorities signals that compliance with carbon neutral construction standards and reduced environmental impact of construction is now a prerequisite for planning success. As breeam v7 and emerging lifecycle assessment frameworks evolve, decarbonising the built environment depends on integrating sustainable building practices with verifiable performance metrics.
Investment in human capital remains the defining constraint. The urgent demand for skilled labour in low‑carbon engineering and advanced manufacturing highlights the labour market’s pivotal role in achieving net zero carbon buildings and delivering scalable green construction. Training initiatives targeting welders, surveyors and engineers must underpin the expansion of low carbon building capacity and ensure that sustainable urban development can progress from aspiration to built reality.
The emerging consensus is that sustainable construction is defined by data‑driven outcomes—measured building lifecycle performance, accurate whole life carbon accounting and achievable carbon footprint reduction. The sector’s credibility hinges on whether policy, technology and people can sustain this momentum toward a resilient, low‑impact built environment.
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