Living in a house made of fungi and bacteria may sound like the stuff of science fiction, but researchers are now one step closer to eventually making it a reality, according to a new study.
The ability to create durable, load-bearing structures with living material is still many years away. However, this discovery is an important step toward creating a sustainable alternative to cement, the binding agent in concrete, said Chelsea Heveran, senior author of the study published in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science.
More than 4 billion metric tons (4.4 billion tons) of cement is manufactured annually, contributing about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions, according to London-based think tank Chatham House. This means if cement production were a country, it would rank third after China and the United States based on 2023 emissions.
"We asked 'what if we could do it a different way using biology?' That's the vision," said Heveran.
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📸: Maren Stubenvoll
The £41m funding boost for a Thames heat pipeline marks a significant shift in sustainable construction, moving decarbonising the built environment from policy ambition to practical green infrastructure. Capturing surplus industrial heat for up to 650,000 London homes strengthens the case for energy-efficient buildings, low carbon design and sustainable urban development at district scale. Rising household energy bills make heat networks an economic necessity as much as a net zero carbon priority.
A UN-backed taskforce has proposed measures to attract more capital into climate adaptation and resilience, reinforcing the need to treat environmental sustainability in construction as an investment issue rather than a compliance cost. Heat stress, drought, flooding and grid pressure now affect insurance, asset values, planning risk and construction programmes. Developers and lenders are being pushed towards whole life carbon, life cycle cost and building lifecycle performance as core measures of long-term value.
Materials remain a critical weakness. UK trials on bio-based, biodegradable and compostable products show that innovation in green building materials, renewable building materials and low carbon construction materials must be matched by recycling systems capable of processing them. The findings strengthen the case for lifecycle assessment, sustainable material specification, environmental product declarations (EPDs), resource efficiency in construction and clear end-of-life reuse in construction. Without stronger circular economy infrastructure, embodied carbon in materials and the wider carbon footprint of construction will remain difficult to reduce.
Industrialised construction faces the same systems challenge. Factories, standards, logistics, procurement and dependable demand must mature together if modern methods are to support low-impact construction, eco-friendly construction and carbon neutral construction at scale. Circular economy in construction depends on circular construction strategies, not isolated green building products.
The direction for sustainable building design is clear: net zero carbon buildings require whole life carbon assessment, net zero whole life carbon targets and credible evidence on embodied carbon. BREEAM, BREEAM v7, eco-design for buildings and sustainable architecture are becoming more important as clients seek measurable carbon footprint reduction across design, construction, operation and reuse. Sustainable design is no longer defined by individual products, but by integrated networks that reduce the environmental impact of construction across the full building lifecycle.
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