Just across the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River from West Jefferson, towering over the relatively rural Alabama landscape, is the coal-fired James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant. This year, as in years past, the plant is the single largest greenhouse gas polluter in the United States, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data released in October.
The utility’s economic weight in the community is tangible in the parking lot of the Dollar General as residents come and go, unwilling to go on the record about health and other impacts of the plant on their lives. More than 300 people are employed at the Miller Plant.
Data for 2022 released by the EPA shows that the Jefferson County plant emitted nearly 22 million metric tons of greenhouse gas pollutants that year, including over 21 million tons of carbon dioxide, 62,000 CO2-equivalent metric tons of methane and 108,000 CO2-equivalent metric tons of nitrous oxide.
Generally, greenhouse gases refer to gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, thereby contributing to climate change.
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📸: Lee Hedgepeth/ Inside Climate News
Water scarcity, risk and resource viability are now defining sustainable building design as much as appearance. A growing sense of environmental sustainability in construction is visible in projects from the US Mountain West to the Indian Himalayas, where planners integrate hydrology and slope stability into site plans to reduce disaster exposure and asset loss. The shift signifies a broader acceptance that low carbon design and whole life carbon assessment are as fundamental to feasibility as cost and aesthetics.
Corporations are scaling sustainability at pace. The Redmond tech campus redevelopment demonstrates how net zero carbon buildings and eco-design for buildings can underpin business resilience through intelligent water reuse, energy-efficient buildings and circular construction strategies. In housing, mixed-income models in cities such as San Diego and New York are proving that sustainable construction can deliver both affordability and compliance with stricter embodied carbon and lifecycle assessment standards when capital and permitting align.
Policy inconsistency threatens this momentum. Fragmented energy-transition frameworks and material certification regimes make it difficult to benchmark building lifecycle performance or achieve consistent carbon footprint reduction across markets. Unified regulation and robust environmental product declarations (EPDs) would enable supply chains to invest confidently in low embodied carbon materials and renewable building materials, reinforcing the circular economy in construction.
The industry’s leading edge is now characterised by whole life carbon accountability, life cycle cost optimisation and sustainable material specification. Designing for risk, climate and local ecology while embedding BREEAM and BREEAM v7 principles ensures that green construction moves beyond aspiration into measurable performance. The emerging model of low carbon building and carbon neutral construction signals genuine progress toward decarbonising the built environment and achieving net zero whole life carbon across sectors.
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