In a year in which global efforts to tackle some of the planet's most pressing crises — from climate change to plastic pollution — have ended in failure or bitter disappointment, there is one country whose name comes up again and again: Saudi Arabia.
For years, the oil-rich kingdom has been accused of using its vast resources and savvy negotiating tactics to push against and delay climate progress, but multiple experts say this year it has been bolder than ever.
Saudi Arabia's interference has been "blatant and in your face," said Harjeet Singh, a climate advocate and founding director of Satat Sampada Climate Foundation. "They're just blocking everything."
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📸 : Patrick Hertzog/AFP/Getty Images
Wildfires destroying homes in the Midlands and Shropshire crews moving between fire and flood show why sustainable construction must now treat climate resilience as a core design requirement. Sustainable building design, low carbon design and eco-design for buildings need to account for overheating, fire risk, drainage capacity, defensible space and durable fabric performance.
Whole life carbon, embodied carbon and life cycle cost are becoming inseparable from safety, insurability and asset value, making whole life carbon assessment and lifecycle assessment essential tools for developers, councils and investors.
Karachi’s mangrove loss reinforces the construction value of green infrastructure and nature-based flood protection. Tidal creeks, mangrove belts and resilient coastal landscapes can reduce erosion, store carbon and protect communities, supporting environmental sustainability in construction without relying solely on hard engineering. For sustainable urban development, green construction and eco-friendly construction must prioritise site planning, biodiversity and building lifecycle performance alongside energy-efficient buildings and net zero carbon buildings.
Plans for a wind-turbine recycling facility in the Scottish Highlands point to a more mature circular economy in construction. Renewable infrastructure must address end-of-life reuse in construction, resource efficiency in construction and the embodied carbon in materials, especially composite blades and complex low carbon construction materials. The shift supports circular construction strategies, low embodied carbon materials and net zero whole life carbon targets, aligning with BREEAM, BREEAM v7 and wider expectations for environmental product declarations (EPDs). The strongest signal for decarbonising the built environment is clear: sustainable building practices must measure the carbon footprint of construction across design, use, maintenance and decommissioning.
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