From an aerial view, golden-brown specks cover the grass like ants. Zoom in and you’ll see antelopes, hundreds of thousands of them, crossing the savannas of South Sudan.
The central African country has been ravaged by war over the last few decades, making it unsafe for scientific research, and data on the movement of wildlife there has been limited. But a report published estimates that the nation is home to the largest known migration of land mammals on Earth.
Five million white-eared kob, 300,000 tiang, 350,000 Mongalla gazelle and 160,000 Bohor reedbuck are thought to traverse the landscape each year, moving from the savannas in the south of the country towards the wetlands in the north and east.
The estimates come from a 2023 aerial survey of the land around the Boma and Badingilo national parks and Jonglei region, referred to as “the Great Nile Migration Landscape.”
The latest results have astounded scientists: while wildlife has decreased in many areas of the world due to human development and climate change, this data shows that migration has not only survived years of war but expanded.
“If the numbers are right with these species, it looks like they’ve increased since 2007. It looks like they’ve increased since the 1980s even,” says Mike Fay, lead researcher and conservation director for African Parks in South Sudan.
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📸: Marcus Westberg
Global construction is moving toward measurable decarbonisation as governments, investors and designers converge on a shared demand for **sustainable construction** aligned with verifiable whole life carbon assessments. The Global Cooling Watch 2025 report reframes thermal resilience as integral to **sustainable building design**, linking passive cooling and district systems to the mitigation of embodied carbon and the **carbon footprint of construction**. Cooling infrastructure in cities and cold chains is being repositioned as a foundation for **sustainable urban development** and equitable growth, particularly in heat‑stressed regions of the Global South where adaptive, **energy‑efficient buildings** define both resilience and economic productivity.
At the COP30 negotiations in Belém, debate continues over equitable financing and governance for **decarbonising the built environment**. Proposals for enhanced UN climate coordination reveal a growing consensus that access to low‑interest or “debt‑free” climate finance is essential for the delivery of **low carbon buildings** and **renewable building materials** in emerging markets. These positions are influencing the investment conditions for **carbon neutral construction** and accelerating interest in circular economy in construction approaches capable of linking finance with verifiable **environmental product declarations (EPDs)**.
Across the private sector, climate accountability is tightening. Despite leaders anticipating tangible losses from inaction, many lack strategies based on **lifecycle assessment** or credible life cycle cost forecasting. Independent auditing guided by frameworks such as **BREEAM v7**, and enhanced **life cycle thinking in construction**, is expected to strengthen compliance, improve **building lifecycle performance**, and expand the uptake of **low embodied carbon materials**.
Technical innovation now defines opportunity as much as policy. Integrating **eco‑design for buildings**, circular construction strategies, and robust **resource efficiency in construction** is positioning the built environment as a central driver of net zero whole life carbon progress. The shift toward **green infrastructure**, **eco‑friendly construction**, and **sustainable building practices** signals a structural recalibration of global supply chains. With **low carbon design**, **sustainable material specification**, and **end‑of‑life reuse in construction** embedded into planning codes, the sector’s transition from declarations to delivery is becoming irreversible.
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