This Statistical Guideline aims to address the lack of a detailed, globally agreed statistical methodology for measuring plastic flows at the national, regional, and global levels. It provides guidance to practitioners on producing high-quality national-level statistics on plastics that are comparable across countries. With the continued increase in the production and consumption of plastics in recent decades, combined with a predominantly linear plastic economy and insufficient waste management, plastic pollution has become a global concern. Monitoring this issue is therefore essential. At the same time, producing statistics on plastics across the entire life cycle presents multiple challenges. Clear scoping and consistent definitions of plastics across society are necessary to support the development of robust statistics. Experts from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), in collaboration and consultation with experts from other international organisations, national statistical offices, relevant ministries, academia, research institutes, and other entities of UN Member States, have developed the Statistical Guideline for Measuring Flows of Plastic throughout the Life Cycle. The Guideline proposes the boundaries of the plastic life cycle, defines key terms and concepts, and details the main elements for accounting for the production, trade, consumption, and waste of plastics. In developing the Statistical Guideline have been developed aligning to internationally agreed statistical standards, classifications, methodologies, and available data sources, with the aim of presenting a comprehensive picture of plastic flows throughout the life cycle. The Guideline is intended to provide substantial support to statistical offices and other relevant organisations responsible for producing statistics on plastics at the national, regional, and global levels. This Statistical Guideline represents a first step in addressing the absence of a detailed, globally agreed methodology for measuring plastic flows. Some aspects may require further discussion and refinement in future versions. Its application by statisticians and other relevant experts at the national level is expected to result in high-quality statistics on plastics that are comparable across national, regional, and global levels. These statistics will, in turn, support policymaking on strategically important issues, including, but not limited to, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the circular economy, national source inventories on plastics, and plastic waste management.
Sustainable construction is moving beyond operational emissions towards whole life carbon, embodied carbon, nature, waste, grid capacity and building lifecycle performance. UN biodiversity talks have underlined that environmental sustainability in construction cannot rely on “nature-positive” claims without finance, stronger regulation and action on harmful subsidies. Planning, procurement and investor scrutiny are set to place greater weight on the environmental impact of construction, including embodied carbon in materials, ecological damage and the carbon footprint of construction across the full asset life.
The UK circular economy is becoming a commercial driver for low carbon design and sustainable building practices. WRAP’s estimate that stronger circular measures could add more than £93bn in gross value and support 550,000 jobs strengthens the business case for life cycle thinking in construction, resource efficiency in construction and end-of-life reuse in construction. Designing for repair, reuse and material recovery is central to circular economy in construction, reducing demolition waste while improving life cycle cost, lifecycle assessment outcomes and whole life carbon assessment. Birmingham’s new recycling and reuse hub shows the type of infrastructure needed to support circular construction strategies at scale.
Energy infrastructure is becoming critical to net zero carbon buildings and decarbonising the built environment. Approval for National Grid’s 2GW Sea Link between Suffolk and Kent supports electrification, heat pumps, electric construction processes and lower-carbon operation, strengthening the foundations for energy-efficient buildings and net zero carbon delivery. Grid expansion remains essential if sustainable urban development and carbon footprint reduction are to move from ambition to dependable performance.
Research from the University of Surrey reinforces the role of sustainable building design, eco-design for buildings and sustainable architecture in healthier, more efficient interiors. Indoor plants and living walls can improve air quality and reduce cooling demand, supporting passive design, green infrastructure and low-impact construction. Biophilic design is not a substitute for fabric-first retrofit, low embodied carbon materials, environmental product declarations (EPDs) or robust sustainable material specification, but it is increasingly part of the same whole life carbon conversation.
The direction of travel is clear: green construction is shifting from niche specification to operating model. Net zero whole life carbon, BREEAM, BREEAM v7, renewable building materials, green building materials and low carbon construction materials are becoming core considerations for developers seeking resilient, low carbon building performance. The future of eco-friendly construction will be defined by whole life carbon assessment, circular economy delivery, credible lifecycle assessment and transparent decisions that cut the carbon footprint of construction while improving long-term value.
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