Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) technologies—such as Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) and Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) are speculative concepts that aim to temporarily lower global temperatures by reflecting solar radiation back into space. These approaches do not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations—the root cause of climate change—nor do they address its impacts. These technologies also represent different levels of readiness and have been subject to a great deal of political and scientific controversy. Sometimes cast as an emergency tool, SRM remains poorly understood and fraught with uncertainties and risks and is no substitute for mitigation or stronger adaptation. For now, SRM is largely confined to models, simulations and theory. The unintended consequences include disruptions to climate patterns, biodiversity and the ozone layer, with regional hydrological impacts modelled as being uneven. This Issues Note provides a review of the latest literature on specific topics that are of relevance to UNEP’s mandate. It also presents a set of agreed approaches and recommendations regarding UNEP’s communication of the subject matter. It is meant to ensure consistency in messaging across the organization on this topic.
Geopolitical turbulence and inflation continue to unsettle supply networks across construction, but the decisive pressure comes from the global net zero carbon agenda redefining sustainable construction strategy. The updated SBTi Net-Zero Standard compels contractors and material manufacturers to anchor their decarbonisation plans in verifiable science, reinforcing the sector’s accountability and alignment with whole life carbon and embodied carbon metrics.
Investors are demanding transparency through lifecycle assessment and whole life carbon assessment, linking capital flows directly to measurable performance on carbon footprint reduction and life cycle cost savings. In the UK and Europe, regulation is accelerating adoption of sustainable building design and eco-design for buildings, pushing companies to demonstrate environmental sustainability in construction through low embodied carbon materials and sustainable material specification. Initiatives promoting breathable paints and finishes indicate progress toward healthier, energy-efficient buildings and low carbon design principles that align with broader net zero whole life carbon objectives.
Digital transformation underpins this shift. The growth of data-driven 4D planning models and predictive maintenance demonstrates practical movement toward circular economy in construction and resource efficiency in construction, enabling end-of-life reuse in construction and improved building lifecycle performance. These technologies support circular construction strategies that enhance life cycle thinking in construction, reducing the environmental impact of construction while integrating environmental product declarations (EPDs) into transparent reporting frameworks.
Although output data from the ONS show only modest expansion, investment is concentrating in low carbon building projects, net zero carbon buildings, and developments rated under BREEAM and BREEAM v7 standards. Capital is flowing into renewable building materials and green infrastructure as firms focus on decarbonising the built environment and achieving carbon neutral construction. Sustainable design is now embedded in project delivery where eco-friendly construction, green building materials and green building products define competitiveness. Sustainable construction has become the sector’s reference point for credibility, performance and resilience across global value chains.
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